Negotiating Islamic Hegemony: A Case Study of Muslim LGBT in East Java, Indonesia

The research set out to investigate how Islamic hegemonic processes disseminate in society. It also tried to examine how LGBT individuals negotiate the tension and navigate their behaviors of being Muslim and LGBT. In Indonesia, being a Muslim and LGBT was viewed as irreconcilable by the general public. Despite that, some people identified as both Muslim and LGBT. This posed a tension that needed to be addressed. The research distributed online forms across several social media to find willing participants. The online forms yielded seven different responses from people who identified as Muslims and LGBT, three of whom were willing to participate in follow-up interviews. The willing participants were then personally interviewed in informal settings using Zoom video calls due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The interviews were semi-structured, and they were carried out over the course of four weeks. The research drew on concepts such as cultural hegemony and ideological state apparatuses as conceptual frameworks to guide the research and the interviews. The findings suggest that family and education are the two most influential hegemonic instruments in instilling Islamic hegemonic values in the participants. The research also finds that the respondents perform unique distinct negotiation strategies according to their personal beliefs and values on social and spiritual levels.

本研究旨在探讨伊斯兰霸权过程如何在社会中传播，并考察LGBT个体如何在穆斯林身份与LGBT身份之间的张力中进行调解，处理其身份认同的冲突。在印尼，穆斯林与LGBT身份被普遍认为是无法调和的，但仍有一些人认同自己同时是穆斯林和LGBT。

本研究采用定性研究方法，主要通过在线表格邀请自我认同为LGBT且穆斯林的人参与访谈。由于研究敏感，受访者仅限居住在东爪哇地区并愿意讨论LGBT问题。通过社交媒体分发表格，共获得七个回应，其中三位受访者同意进行深入的后续访谈，其他则拒绝。访谈采用半结构化方式，使用Zoom进行，为期四周。访谈内容涉及受访者的身份认同、恐同情绪、同性婚姻合法性等问题，同时探讨他们如何在穆斯林与LGBT身份之间进行调解。所有数据在分析后会反馈给受访者以确保准确性，且为保护隐私，受访者使用化名。

本研究发现，伊斯兰霸权的主要推动力是家庭和教育。通过受访者的叙述，能够看出伊斯兰霸权定义了行为和价值观的标准，而与此霸权相悖的行为和价值观则受到边缘化和压制。受访者似乎屈从于伊斯兰的主导价值观，这些价值观框定了他们对自身身份的理解，导致他们在社会和精神层面采取不同的策略来调解性别认同与伊斯兰霸权之间的张力。尽管采取了不同的方式，如多做慈善、进行祈祷或遵循清洁仪式等，受访者们的共同目标是寻求内心的平静，并试图在伊斯兰框架内找到可以接受的存在方式。研究结果显示，伊斯兰霸权的调和不仅仅是男同性恋者的需求，LGBT群体普遍面临此类调和的需求。研究建议，未来可通过扩大样本量并结合定量与定性研究方法，进一步探讨家庭和教育在霸权中的角色以及LGBT群体如何通过不同的策略调解自身身份与霸权之间的关系。