标题
Parental Experiences of Supporting the Mental Health of Their LGBTQA+ Child
摘要
Young people who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, queer or questioning, asexual and other diverse genders and sexualities (LGBTQA+) are at greater risk of adverse mental health outcomes and suicide, with additional barriers to accessing safe and affirming physical and mental health services in comparison to the general population. Parents of LGBTQA+ young people who are supportive and accepting can take on additional responsibilities and an active role in supporting young people, and more information is needed to understand how parents support LGBTQA+ young people in times of acute mental health difficulties (including suicide risk) and what parents experience while navigating support systems. It is imperative these experiences are better understood to inform other parents, clinicians and service providers alike. We aimed to develop a nuanced understanding of the experiences of Australian parents of LGBTQA+ young people in providing support during times of acute distress and suicidal crisis. We utilized an exploratory qualitative design using semi-structured one-on-one interviews with 11 parents. We provide clinically useful recommendations, with the aim of aiding enhanced parental support for LGBTQA+ young people, given this population’s unique needs.
研究问题
本研究聚焦于LGBTQA+年轻人面临更高心理健康风险和获得安全、肯定性服务的障碍,旨在探讨父母如何在子女经历严重心理健康问题(包括自杀风险)时提供支持,并了解父母在寻求和利用支持系统时面临的挑战,从而为其他父母、临床医生和服务提供者提供有益的经验和指导。
方法与数据
本研究采用探索性定性设计,研究通过半结构化访谈收集数据,并采用反思性主题分析法进行分析,理论框架基于情境主义认识论和家庭系统理论。参与者包括11位父母(10位母亲和1位父亲),其子女年龄在14至25岁之间,大多数子女的性别认同为二元性别(如男性或女性),部分为跨性别或非二元性别,性取向涵盖双性恋、泛性恋、异性恋和同性恋。访谈于2019年至2020年进行,参与者通过社交媒体和支持团体招募。研究采用系统编码和主题归纳法,直至数据达到饱和,并通过去标识化引文呈现研究结果,既确保参与者隐私,也保证了研究的科学性和严谨性。
研究发现
本研究发现,LGBTQA+年轻人的父母在支持孩子时面临多个障碍,这些困难主要源自占主导地位的顺性别/异性恋规范的世界观。父母在支持孩子的心理健康时,尤其是在孩子面临严重痛苦和自杀风险时,往往需要广泛的支持,但获取这些支持的途径却受到系统性障碍的限制。除了普遍存在的障碍外,父母还面临LGBTQA+特定服务信息获取困难、护理连续性缺失以及缺乏符合需求的服务等问题。此外,父母常常在缺乏具备LGBTQA+工作经验的专业人员和服务中寻求帮助,这增加了他们的负担。跨性别青少年的家庭支持被认为是至关重要的保护因素,但许多父母因所在社会环境的不接纳而感到边缘化。在支持系统匮乏的情况下,父母通常依赖同伴支持,而这一支持网络也要求他们为其他需要帮助的家庭提供帮助。研究表明,父母在为LGBTQA+年轻人提供安全支持环境时的需求往往被忽视,因此亟需对父母提供更多关注和支持。