标题
Think of the consequences: A decade of discourse about same-sex marriage
摘要
Approaching issues through the lens of nonnegotiable values increases the perceived intractability of debate (Baron & Spranca in Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 70, 1–16, 1997), while focusing on the concrete consequences of policies instead results in the moderation of extreme opinions (Fernbach, Rogers, Fox, & Sloman in Psychological Science, 24, 939–946, 2013) and a greater likelihood of conflict resolution (Baron & Leshner in Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 6, 183–194, 2000). Using comments on the popular social media platform Reddit from January 2006 until September 2017, we showed how changes in the framing of same-sex marriage in public discourse relate to changes in public opinion. We used a topic model to show that the contributions of certain protected-values-based topics to the debate (religious arguments and freedom of opinion) increased prior to the emergence of a public consensus in support of same-sex marriage (Gallup, 2017), and declined afterward. In contrast, the discussion of certain consequentialist topics (the impact of politicians’ stance and same-sex marriage as a matter of policy) showed the opposite pattern. Our results reinforce the meaningfulness of protected values and consequentialism as relevant dimensions for describing public discourse and highlight the usefulness of unsupervised machine-learning methods in tackling questions about social attitude change.
研究问题
本研究探讨了公共话语中不同框架如何影响公众对同性婚姻的态度变化。通过分析Reddit上的评论数据,研究者考察了基于不可谈判价值观(如宗教和言论自由)与基于结果导向(如政策影响和政治人物立场)的讨论模式在同性婚姻辩论中的演变。研究的问题在于,这些不同的讨论框架如何与公众支持度的变化相关联,以及它们在共识形成前后的动态变化。
方法与数据
本研究利用Reddit上的大规模评论数据,采用无监督的主题建模方法(LDA)分析同性婚姻话语的演变。研究者收集了2006年至2017年间包含同性婚姻相关词汇的603,282条评论,并通过数据预处理(如词形归一化和去除无关词汇)提高文本分析的质量。LDA模型用于识别和追踪基于不可谈判价值观(如宗教自由)与结果导向(如政策影响)的讨论主题,并通过独立评估者对主题的分类,分析其在不同时间段的变化趋势,以揭示公共话语如何影响社会态度的演变。
研究发现
本研究分析了2006年至2017年间Reddit上关于同性婚姻的讨论,发现公众话语逐渐从基于受保护价值观的论述(如宗教自由)转向基于结果导向的论述(如政治影响)。这一变化与同性婚姻支持率的增长同步,特别是在2012年之后,受保护价值观的讨论减少,而政治和政策层面的讨论增加。研究采用LDA主题建模技术分析讨论内容,发现虽然受保护价值观仍然占据重要地位,但话语的焦点逐步转向实际影响和政治后果。研究结果虽无法证明因果关系,但表明社会态度的变化可能会引导话语框架的调整。此外,LDA的应用展示了如何通过大规模社交媒体数据分析揭示社会话语的动态变化。