标题
Variation Between LGBT Estimates and State Policy Context
摘要
State-level social policy and LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender) population concentration are key measures that are often used as indicators reflecting geographic social climate. Still, research has yet to investigate how they may be interrelated, including the degree to which the LGBT population are subject to certain policies. Using population-based experimental data from the Household Pulse Survey and policy measures from the Movement Advancement Project, we compared measures of state-level policy and concentration of the LGBT population for 2022. After calculating the correlation between these two constructs, the authors identified state-level variation in these measures for each of the 50 states and Washington, DC. With a correlation of 0.58, the findings revealed variation at the state level and indicated that LGBT population concentration and state-level LGBT policy do not necessarily reflect synonymous social phenomena and constitute distinct but complementary measures for use in constructing indices of structural heterosexism and social climate.
研究问题
本研究关注美国各州LGBT人口的地理分布与政策环境之间的关系,旨在探讨有敌意与支持性政策环境对LGBT群体健康和福祉的影响。研究质疑以同性伴侣为指标衡量LGBT人口浓度的局限性,提出这种方法忽略了大量单身或与异性伴侣共同生活的LGBT个体,导致对LGBT人口特征和地理聚集的低估。研究目标是结合HPS数据对LGBT个体的估算,绘制各州LGBT人口浓度与政策环境的关系图,揭示有多少LGBT个体生活在敌意政策环境中,并分析政策环境与LGBT人口分布之间的关联,拓展关于性别与性身份健康差异的结构性因素研究。
方法与数据
本研究使用美国人口普查局的“家庭脉动调查”(HPS)数据,分析2022年1月到12月间50个州LGBT人口的分布及相关政策环境。通过对性取向和性别认同的问卷回答,确定LGBT身份。研究还考虑了年龄差异,采用年龄调整的估算方法。政策数据来自“运动进步项目”,涵盖7个类别的LGBT相关政策,研究将每州的LGBT人口和政策评分进行对比,呈现其地理分布与政策环境之间的关系。
研究发现
研究发现,美国LGBT成人群体的分布与州级政策环境之间存在复杂的互动关系。约三分之一的LGBT成年人居住在政策最为敌对的州,而约四分之一居住在支持性较强的州。研究揭示了LGBT人口与社会政策之间的互补性,并强调了解这些指标差异的重要性,特别是在异性恋结构主义的研究中。此外,社会政策的积极性和社区凝聚力似乎对LGBT群体的福祉具有保护作用。尽管如此,研究也指出,LGBT人口集中度和政策环境之间存在显著差异,尤其是在一些政策支持的州,LGBT人口相对较少。