标题
The prospects for the legalization of same sex marriages in vietnam
摘要
This article discusses the various factors in Vietnam that are influencing the possibility of introducing a law on same sex marriage and draws three main conclusions. Firstly, it argues that the greatest concern about the possible success of the campaigns on lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) issues in general, and the recognition of same sex marriages in particular, is indeed a political fear. It recommends keeping the campaigns on LGBT issues separate from the political sphere and to differentiate themselves from the traditional confrontational methods used by political dissidents. Secondly, the enactment of a law on LGBT rights which incorporates the principles and rules of anti-discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and identity is proposed. This law will fill the gap left by the current lack of an anti-discrimination law in the specific field of LGBT rights in the first step of a typical process towards the legalization of same sex marriages. Thirdly, the paper highlights the leading role to be played by legislation in Vietnam, and which shall need to be acquired though legal transplanting, in granting marital rights to same sex couples and providing the basis for the courts to give them substantive rights.
研究问题
本研究关注越南推动同性婚姻合法化的影响因素，指出影响LGBT议题尤其是同性婚姻合法化运动成败的核心问题在于政治恐惧。文章强调，LGBT议题应避免与政治领域直接关联，并与政治异议者的对抗性策略区分开来。此外，文章主张制定针对性取向与性别认同歧视的反歧视法，以弥补现行法律在LGBT权利保护方面的空白，作为推动同性婚姻合法化的第一步。最后，文章认为立法在赋予同性伴侣婚姻权利方面具有主导作用，并需通过法律移植来推动越南法律体系对同性伴侣实质性权利的承认。
方法与数据
本研究通过分析越南LGBT权利与同性婚姻合法化的法律和政治环境，探讨推动同性婚姻立法的可能性。文章主要采用法律分析与政策评估方法，系统梳理越南现行法律框架对LGBT权利的规定，结合国际法律移植理论，探讨引入反歧视法和同性婚姻法的路径。作者对比越南与其他国家的立法经验，评估法律变革的政治风险，强调立法策略与政治现实之间的平衡，提出在保持与政治异议运动区隔的前提下，通过法律移植和分步推进策略推动同性婚姻合法化。
研究发现
本研究发现，越南LGBT议题的政治背景决定了避免对抗性政治倡导的策略是明智之举，将LGBT群体与其他需要政府保护的少数群体和弱势群体联系起来也有助于争取更多支持。制定一部专门针对LGBT权利的反歧视法将为LGBT群体带来实质性保护，而通过法律移植将同性婚姻合法化是推动立法的有效路径。此外，合法化同性婚姻不仅符合越南发展经济和提升国际声誉的国家政策目标，也有助于促进社会包容与经济发展，显示出越南在不久的将来实现同性婚姻合法化的可能性。