Same-Sex Marriage from the Perspective of Legal Instruments, Human Rights and Hindu Religion

The purpose of this research is to analyse the anti-discrimination struggle against LGBT from a legal and human rights perspective and same-sex marriage from a Hindu legal perspective. This research is normative juridical research carried out using a statutory regulation approach and a legal concept approach. The analysis was carried out qualitatively. The phenomenon of same-sex marriage has indeed become controversial in various countries, including Indonesia. The struggle for anti-discrimination treatment for LGBT people has become one of the focuses of the human rights struggle. Various national and international legal instruments have regulated the right to equal treatment for everyone. However, this right cannot fully become the basis for legitimacy for the legality of same-sex marriage. Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage regulates that marriage is carried out by a man and a woman as husband and wife. Viewed from the perspective of Hindu law, the Manawa Dhramasastra states that marriage is carried out by a man and a woman to produce offspring.

本文关注印度尼西亚社会对LGBT群体，尤其是同性婚姻的法律、宗教和人权视角的态度，重点探讨印度教法律对同性婚姻的立场。文章试图回答以下问题：印度尼西亚的法律和宗教如何定义和对待同性婚姻？印度教法律如何看待同性婚姻，是否存在法律依据或宗教教义来支持或反对？在LGBT人权保护与宗教、法律规范之间如何协调或产生冲突？此外，文章也关注《日惹原则》在印尼语境中对LGBT人权的影响，以及LGBT群体在面对社会、宗教和法律多重排斥下如何争取权利和身份认可。

本文采用规范性研究方法，主要依靠初级法律资料（法律法规）和次级法律资料（相关文献和书籍），结合概念分析方法进行探讨。研究通过法律和法规视角，分别考察国际法律文件、国家法律框架以及印度教法对同性婚姻的规定与态度。分析采用定性方法，结果以描述性分析方式呈现，旨在全面解析法律与宗教对同性婚姻的立场及其在印度尼西亚语境中的适用性和影响。

本研究发现，在印度尼西亚法律和印度教法的框架下，男同性恋和女同性恋被视为违背自然本性的性取向偏差，认为男性应与女性结合是符合神圣律法的自然秩序。印度尼西亚现行法律，尤其是《1974年婚姻法》第1条，明确规定婚姻仅限于一男一女之间，因此同性婚姻在法律上不被认可。从印度教法的角度，《摩奴法典》第九章第96节和《欲经》均明确反对同性婚姻，认为婚姻应以异性结合为基础，且同性婚姻不得使用印度教婚礼仪式和《吠陀经》中的祈祷文进行合法化或宗教认可。