标题
Love Wins?: Legal Challenges for LGBT Families After Marriage Equality
摘要
In June 2015, the U.S. Supreme Court rendered its decision in favor of marriage equality, prompting widespread declarations of victory for LGBT couples. Access to legal marriage has been a game changer for LGBT families. Despite these important shifts, treating marriage equality as the catch-all solution for legal obstacles faced by LGBT families is problematic. Interactions with the law are determined by more than simply the law on the books. Prior experiences with the law and legal and sociopolitical environment shape the degree of trust people place in the law and legal institutions, including the willingness to engage with the legal system. We interviewed 137 parents located across the United States to explore when and how LGBT individuals use the law on behalf of their families. We found that a history of LGBT conflict with the legal system has produced, for many, an enduring distrust of the law within their family lives.
研究问题
本研究的问题集中于在美国婚姻平等合法化之后,LGBT家庭在法律领域中仍然面临哪些挑战,以及法律环境和社会政治背景如何影响他们对法律的信任和使用。具体来说,研究探讨了婚姻平等是否真正解决了LGBT家庭的法律障碍,尤其是在保障非生物学父母的亲权和儿童的权益方面,同时分析了LGBT家庭在不同法律和社会环境下的法律互动和应对策略。研究还关注了婚姻平等可能带来的虚假安全感以及LGBT群体对法律制度的不信任如何塑造其法律行为与身份选择。
方法与数据
本研究采用定性研究方法,通过对137位LGBT家长的半结构化访谈,探讨婚姻平等合法化后LGBT家庭在不同法律和社会环境中的法律互动与经验。研究将美国各州根据法律背景分为“法律积极”“法律消极”和“法律中立”三类,分析这些不同法律环境对LGBT家庭的影响。访谈内容揭示了LGBT家庭在婚姻平等后仍面临的法律挑战,特别是在亲权保障和非生物学父母的法律地位方面,同时探讨了LGBT群体对法律制度的不信任如何影响其法律行为与身份选择。
研究发现
本研究发现,尽管婚姻平等的合法化为LGBT家庭带来了重要的法律与社会权益,许多LGBT个体仍然对婚姻这一制度持抵触态度,尤其是在经历过法律排斥的背景下。虽然一些家庭最终选择结婚以获得法律与社会福利,特别是为子女提供保障,但许多人依然避免结婚,认为婚姻制度具有异性恋主导性、歧视性或性别不平等的象征意义。部分父母选择通过合同等方式模仿婚姻权利,或完全放弃法律保护。研究还揭示,尽管婚姻平等合法化带来了显著进展,LGBT群体对法律的信任和使用仍受到过去法律迫害的影响,法律意识的转变是渐进的、互动的过程,且未必意味着对婚姻制度的全面接受。此外,婚姻平等作为唯一的法律解决方案忽视了单身LGBT父母的法律挑战,也未必能解决所有LGBT家庭的需求。