标题
The Globalization of LGBT Identity and Same-Sex Marriage as a Catalyst of Neo-institutional Values: Singapore and Indonesia in Focus
摘要
The focus of this chapter is on the institutional and state responses and reactions to issues of same-sex marriage and analytics of the relationship between state, civil society institutions, and international humanitarian organizations in two neighboring countries in Southeast Asia: Singapore and Indonesia. Each country has specific colonial histories, ethnic, religious, social, and cultural conditions and explicitly shows the negotiations of the social-cultural boundaries formed around non-normative genders and sexualities, particularly after the institutionalization of same-sex marriage. The Indonesian and Singaporean stories offer exemplary cases of discursive institutionalization of gendered and sexualized subjects in contradistinction to the globalized world of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) identities and increasing jurisdictions where same-sex marriage has become legal. As such identities globalize and begin to be institutionalized, a series of counter-reactions has followed and subsequently produced unexpected outcomes.
研究问题
该文章探讨了全球LGBT权利话语的传播，特别是同性婚姻的合法化，如何在东南亚地区的国家（如新加坡和印度尼西亚）中产生影响和反应。尽管该地区的文化、历史和政治背景差异显著，全球化的LGBT议题在这些国家的国家和民间机构中引发了不同的反应。
方法与数据
该研究采用了定性分析的方法，聚焦于新加坡和印度尼西亚在同性婚姻和LGBT权利问题上的国家反应和民间社会反应。通过分析这两个国家的历史、宗教和文化背景，研究探讨了西方同性婚姻合法化对东南亚地区的影响。文章通过对比这两个国家如何在同性婚姻的议题上进行公共辩论和政治反应，分析了LGBT群体如何在这些国家的社会和政治框架内进行权利主张。此外，文章还考察了国际人权组织在这两个国家中的作用及其对同性婚姻和LGBT权利的支持。
研究发现
本研究探讨了印度尼西亚和新加坡在同性婚姻合法化与LGBT身份全球化过程中所经历的制度反应。印度尼西亚的保守派团体和国家机构通过“他者化”回应LGBT可见性，进一步加剧了歧视，而新加坡则面临调和本地LGBT需求与全球同性婚姻规范的压力，国家采取了“观望”态度，未能实现同性婚姻的合法化。两国的案例揭示了全球LGBT身份的推进在宗教、文化和政治上的深刻对立，并可能激发东南亚地区更广泛的人权斗争。