酷儿研究

Assisted conception practices contribute to an increasingly complex relational landscape. This article draws from a qualitative study that investigated narratives about the negotiation of relatedness in lesbian known donor reproduction in Aotearoa New Zealand. Twenty-six interviews, with 60 adults, across 21 lesbian known donor familial configurations at different stages of forming family through known donor insemination were conducted. The article demonstrates how parties using this form of insemination – lesbian couples, known donors and known donor partners – invoke divorce discourse as a kinship resource. The families these women and men were creating or had already established were the product of deliberate pre-conception planning rather than the result of separation or divorce following the breakdown of an intimate relationship. Nevertheless, divorce discourse supported them to make sense of possibilities for the kin status and place of known donors and their partners within the kinship structures put around children given they have no obvious place within these structures. The article argues the use of divorce conventions serves to both disrupt and uphold traditional parenting discourses and practices.

研究问题

这篇文章探讨了新西兰奥特亚罗瓦的女同性恋已知捐精生育中的亲属关系和照顾的复杂性，重点研究了女同性恋伴侣、已知捐赠者及其伴侣如何在没有现成模型的情况下处理这些关系。文章探讨了参与者如何利用离婚话语（即关于分离和离婚的公共观念）作为资源，来构建他们与已知捐赠者的互动和关于已知捐赠者在孩子生活中的参与的决策，尽管他们的家庭结构并非源自分离。该研究探讨了这些实践如何有助于更广泛地理解亲属关系和家庭动态，尤其是在关系模式和家庭结构的社会变革背景下。

方法与数据

这篇文章采用了定性叙事研究方法，重点探讨了女同性恋已知捐精生育中的亲属关系和家庭动态。研究选取了60名成年人，来自21个不同的家庭配置，涵盖了通过女同性恋已知捐精生育的各个阶段。研究人员通过对参与者进行26次半结构化的叙事访谈，收集了关于生育、亲属关系和界限定义的个人故事。访谈形式包括小组访谈、情侣访谈和个人访谈，以促进参与者分享他们的经历。所有访谈都进行了数字录音和转录，并返还给参与者进行核对，确保数据的准确性。研究采用了Nvivo软件进行数据分析，通过编码和主题分析，深入挖掘了与已知捐赠者相关的核心主题，如“离婚话语”这一主题。这些数据帮助揭示了女同性恋已知捐精生育中亲属关系的流动性、矛盾性及争议性。

研究发现

这篇文章的发现揭示了离婚话语作为亲属资源在女同性恋家庭、已知捐精者及其伴侣之间的应用，强调离婚对当代家庭的影响。参与者通常将母亲视为孩子养育的核心角色，而已知捐精者和伴侣则扮演辅助角色，尽管他们的家庭结构具有创新性，尤其是在已知捐精者参与育儿任务时。尽管这些家庭结构挑战传统育儿话语，参与者仍依赖异性亲属结构来获得社会合法性。研究还发现，样本偏倚使得研究结果无法代表新西兰所有族群，未来需要更广泛的研究来探索如何融入已知捐精者及其伴侣的角色。