Legalization of Same-Sex Marriage in terms of Islamic Law: a Comparative Study of Indonesia and Germany

Marriage is the behavior of creatures created by God Almighty so that life in the natural world develops well. Marriage is recommended and regulated in Islam because it has a noble purpose. As time progresses, marriages which were initially only carried out by heterosexual couples are now seeing the emergence of the phenomenon of same-sex marriages or marriages by LGBT people. What is worrying is that the LGBT phenomenon is growing rapidly in Indonesia due to increasingly open freedoms. This raises pros and cons. Same-sex marriage in Indonesia, a Muslim-majority country, has caused controversy and is considered illegal deviant behavior. However, there are also several countries in the world that have legalized same-sex marriage, including Germany, where Muslims are a minority. In 2017, Germany officially passed regulations regarding same-sex marriage including the right to adopt children. This research aims to conduct a comparative analysis of the topic of same-sex marriage among LGBT actors in Germany and Indonesia using a socio-legal approach. This research has the results of a study that the phenomenon of same-sex marriage by LGBT people that occurs in Germany and Indonesia are two different things and cannot be equated. Several factors behind this are the socio-cultural context which causes society's reactions and the implementation of government regulations regarding same-sex marriage to be different.

本研究关注印尼（穆斯林占多数国家）与德国（穆斯林为少数群体国家）在伊斯兰法律视角下对同性婚姻的争议与紧迫性，探讨同性婚姻现象如何与多元文化影响相互交织。研究旨在比较两国关于同性婚姻的法律与社会态度，分析伊斯兰法律对同性婚姻的立场如何塑造公众认知与道德判断，并寻求在多元文化背景下应对同性婚姻引发的社会问题的替代性解决方案。

本研究采用社会法律方法，比较分析德国与印尼关于LGBT群体同性婚姻的法律与社会现实之间的关系（“法律的实施”视角）。数据来源包括对LGBT活动者的采访以及来自可靠新闻报道的资料，旨在揭示两国在法律框架与社会实践中对同性婚姻的态度与应对方式的差异。

关于德国和印尼两国同性婚姻合法化的比较研究发现了许多差异。德国通过合法化同性婚姻，已经为LGBT群体提供了法律保护，因此，LGBT个体在德国能够明确展示自己的身份。与此相比，印尼目前并没有关于LGBT的法律基础，且该国仍强烈反对并不承认LGBT行为，包括同性婚姻，这导致LGBT群体在印尼依然是一个极小的群体，常常面临社会上的恐吓和歧视。两国在法律实施和社会反应上的不同，源自于LGBT现象的社会文化背景的差异。德国历史上纳粹时期对性少数群体的迫害，促使许多德国人试图优先考虑人权，其中一种表现就是广泛推广同性婚姻现象。而印尼作为一个信仰伊斯兰教的国家，拥有保守的价值观，尤其在日常生活中高度重视宗教价值观，尤其对LGBT群体和同性婚姻持有强烈的反对意见，因此在印尼争取LGBT权利是非常困难的。关于印尼LGBT群体常遭遇的歧视，政府和法律专家表示，这些人应当享有与其他印度尼西亚公民一样的基本权利，如接受教育、获得体面住房等。然而，涉及到可能促进LGBT行为的活动，甚至违反人类天性的行为时，则不同于其他权利。并非所有LGBT人士都是坚定的，他们中的一些人实际上是可以通过治疗恢复正常的，建立异性婚姻和家庭。因此，考虑到概念、社会文化背景、法律规定和公众反应的差异，德国的LGBT现象和同性婚姻不能直接适用于印尼。为此，作为解决方案，政府应更加敏感地关注有LGBT倾向个体的性取向偏差迹象，并为其提供及时的治疗和宗教价值观引导，以挽救国家的未来。