酷儿研究

发表信息

出版年份: 2012

资料类型: 期刊论文

国家/地区: 美国

关键词: Adopted children Gay and lesbian parents Sexual orientation Foster care Externalizing problems Internalizing problems Cognitive development Transracial adoption

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更新: 2025年4月9日 23:54

创建: 2025年4月9日 23:54

贡献者: intern

标题

Can gay and lesbian parents promote healthy development in high-risk children adopted from foster care?

摘要

Adoption is known to promote cognitive and emotional development in children from foster care, but policy debates remain regarding whether children adopted by gay and lesbian parents can achieve these positive outcomes. This study compared the cognitive development and behavior problems at 2, 12, and 24 months postplacement of 82 high-risk children adopted from foster care in heterosexual and gay or lesbian households. On average, children in both household types showed significant gains in cognitive development and maintained similar levels of behavior problems over time, despite gay and lesbian parents raising children with higher levels of biological and environmental risks prior to adoptive placement. Results demonstrated that high-risk children show similar patterns of development over time in heterosexual and gay and lesbian adoptive households.

研究问题

本研究关注以下几个问题：一是探讨在公共收养情境下，儿童随时间发展的内化与外化行为问题，以及认知发展是否受到养父母性取向的影响；二是比较异性恋与同性恋/女同性恋养父母家庭中儿童行为和认知发展的模式及差异；三是分析不同性取向的养父母是否因儿童背景风险（如生物或环境风险因素）存在差异；四是关注跨种族收养的比例，考察同性恋/女同性恋与异性恋养父母在跨种族收养方面的可能差异。

方法与数据

本文采用纵向研究设计，选取1996至2001年参与“UCLA TIES for Adoption”项目的82个公共收养家庭为样本，其中包括异性恋（60个）、同性恋（15个）和女同性恋（7个）家庭。研究对象为平均年龄约4岁的儿童，这些儿童多为有色人种，89%有产前物质暴露的记录，51%为跨种族收养。数据采集在安置后2个月、12个月和24个月进行，通过问卷调查、访谈、行为问题评估及认知测试收集信息，且在安置初期评估儿童的背景风险。研究对所有可用数据进行了分析，尽量减少因缺失数据带来的影响。

研究发现

本文发现，无论养父母的性取向如何，被高风险儿童收养后的认知发展和行为问题的变化模式相似。在安置后两年内，儿童的认知能力平均提高了约10个IQ点，行为问题水平稳定且未达到临床显著性。此外，尽管同性恋和女同性恋父母收养的儿童背景风险更高（如更高的跨种族收养比例和产前风险），但其养育效果与异性恋家庭相当。本研究强调同性恋和女同性恋父母可以为高风险儿童提供积极的、富有支持性的成长环境，呼吁相关机构对同性恋父母的收养申请更加开放，同时加强收养前后的培训和支持服务以应对儿童的复杂需求。